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PSIHOFIZIČNE ZNAČILNOSTI UČENCEV KOT DOLOČILNICA IZBIRE UČNEGA
MEDIJA
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PSYCHO-PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PUPILS AS DETERMINERS
OF THE CHOICE OF TEACHING MEDIA
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| Izvirni znanstveni članek
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Original scientific paper
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| UDK 371.68:159.955
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UDC 371.68:159.955
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DESKRIPTORJI: učni medij, spoznavni stil, predznanje,
motivacija
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DESCRIPTORS: teaching media, cognitive style, previous
knowledge, motivation
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| POVZETEK - Ker psihofizične značilnosti učencev pomembno
prispevajo k odločitvam učitelja o ustrezni izbiri učnega medija,
v razpravi analiziramo nekatere fiziološke in psihološke dejavnike.
Med slednje uvrščamo razvojno stopnjo umskih in drugih sposobnosti,
kognitivni stil, kognitivno strukturo, učne navade, motivacijo za
učenje in osebnostno-čustvene posebnosti. Ugotavljamo, da so glede
na konkretnost otrokovega mišljenja in glede načina spoznavanja sveta
razločki med učenci veliki. Pomembno je, da učitelj identificira spoznavni
stil učenca in spoznanje integrira v svojo strategijo učnega dela.
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ABSTRACT - The article tries to analyse some of the
physiological and psychological factors, because it is the psycho-physical
characteristics of pupils which relevantly contribute to the decision
on the part of the teacher when choosing a suitable teaching media.
The psychological factors include the developmental level of mental
and other abilities, the cognitive style and structure, learning habits,
motivation for learning and special personality and emotional characteristics.
Important differences among pupils have been established regarding
the concreteness of child's thinking and his way of learning about
the world. The teacher should be able to identify the pupil's cognitive
style and integrate it into his/her teaching strategy.
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NEKATERI VIDIKI VLOGE OČETA V ENORODITELJSKIH OČETOVSKIH DRUŽINAH
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FATHER'S ROLE IN ONE-PARENT FAMILIES
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| Izvirni znanstveni članek
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Original scientific paper
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| UDK 173
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UDC 173
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DESKRIPTORJI: oče samohranilec, nepopolna družina, otrok,
razveza, ločitev, smrt, mati
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DESCRIPTORS: nursing-father, incomplete family, child,
divorce, separation, death, mother
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| POVZETEK - Avtorica v svojem prispevku razpravlja o novi
vlogi očeta, v kateri se le-ta znajde zaradi ločitve oz.razveze od
matere skupnega otroka ali pa zaradi njene smrti, kar seveda ne povzroči
samo nastanek novega tipa družine, ampak pred očeta - samohranilca
postavlja številne nove in predvsem zahtevne naloge.
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ABSTRACT - The paper presents the new role of the father
who has found himself in such a situation as a result of separation,
divorce or even mother's death of the common child, which of course
does not only give rise to a new family type but sets before the father
numerous new and quite demanding challenges.
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UPOŠTEVANJE POPULARNE GLASBE V UČNEM PROCESU
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POPULAR MUSIC IN EDUCATION
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| Izvirni znanstveni članek
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Original scientific paper
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| UDK 372.878
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UDC 372.878
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DESKRIPTORJI: popularna glasba, mladina, prosti čas, preference,
popularna glasba v izobraževanju
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DESCRIPTORS: popular music, young, spare time, preferences,
popular music in education
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| POVZETEK - Razvoj zvočnih medijev je povzročil dostopnost
glasbe na vsakem koraku in prenasiče-nost z njo. Mladi, še zlasti
dekleta, največ prostega časa preživijo ob poslušanju glasbe. Le-
ta je pogosto stimulans za sprostitev in zabavo ali pa zvočna kulisa
ob pisanju nalog in učenju. Izsledki raziskave med mariborskimi osmošolci
so nam med drugim razkrili, da jih večina daje prednost tuji zabavni
glasbi in da je zanimanje za slovensko zabavno glasbo zelo skro-mno.
Slabo ločijo stile v pop glasbi, med besedili pa jih močno pritegnejo
humoristična. Če se želimo v šoli približati mladim in njihovim interesom,
moramo pouk dopolnjevati s praktičnimi in teoretičnimi sestavinami
popularne glasbe.
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ABSTRACT - In the case of pop music the selection of
the best that the entertainment industry has to offer is intertwined
with social and business components. The young, especially girls,
spend most of their time listening to music, which is often a stimulant
for relaxation and entertainment and provides the background for studying
or doing homework. The findings of the survey of the Maribor eighth-graders
have revealed that the majority prefer foreign popular music, but
are strongly attracted by the lyrics of a more humorous nature. If
our schools' objective is to reach the young and meet their interests,
schools should integrate theoretical and practical elements of popular
music into their teaching.
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INFORMACIJSKA DRUŽBA IN SODOBNA ŠOLA, VZROČNO-POSLEDIČNA RAZMERJA
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INFORMATION SOCIETY AND MODERN SCHOOL A CAUSE-RESULT RELATIONSHIP
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| Pregledni članek
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Review
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| UDK 681.3
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UDC 681.3
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DESKRIPTORJI: informacijska družba, izobraže-valni sistem,
izobraževalna tehnologija, računalnik v izobraževanju, multimedija
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DESCRIPTORS: information society, education system,
education technology, computers in education, multimedia
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| POVZETEK - Članek prikazuje problematiko potreb informacijske
družbe in njenega izobraževalnega sistema. Poudarja potrebo po informatizaciji
tega sistema in uvajanju sodobnih učnih metod in oblik dela, ki jih
ta tehnologija omogoča. Prikazan je tudi vpogled v rezultate slovenskega
projekta Računalniško opismenjevanje, ki se v tem smislu izvaja v
Sloveniji.
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ABSTRACT - The article discusses the needs of information
society and its education system. It emphasises the need for this
system to be improved and modernised by the implementation of information
technology, as well as the need for the implementation of modern teaching
approaches and work patterns made possible by this technology. The
article also provides an insight into the results of the project called
"Achieving computer literacy", which was carried out in Slovenia.
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PROUČEVANJE IN RAZISKOVANJE PROBLEMOV S PODROČJA OKOLJSKE VZGOJE
V POVEZANOSTI S TEHNIČNO VZGOJO
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STUDY AND RESEARCH OF THE PROBLEMS IN THE FIELD OF
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN CONNECTION WITH TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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| Strokovni članek
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Professional paper
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| UDK 372.862:502/504
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UDC 372.862:502/504
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DESKRIPTORJI: tehnični, tehnološki, organizacijski in
ekološki problemi, teoretična in praktična zna-nja, sposobnosti, spretnosti
in delovne navade
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DESCRIPTORS: technical, technological, organisational
and ecological problems, theoretical and practical knowledge, abilities,
skills and working habits
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| POVZETEK - Pri načrtovanju in izbiranju stvarnologičnih
vsebin tehnike in tehnologije se je treba posebno posvetiti včlenjenosti
vsebin s področja okoljske vzgoje. Izbira teh vsebin sestoji iz procesa
planiranja in analiziranja oziroma ovrednotenja doseženih učinkov
in rezultatov, ki se kažejo na področju doseganja čustveno-vrednostnih,
spoznavnih in dejavnostnih ciljev. V okviru izbrane vzgojno-izobraževalne
strategije (npr. projektna naloga) morajo učenci pridobivati, uporabljati,
poglabljati in utrjevati ustrezna teoretična in praktična znanja,
razvijati sposobnosti, spretnosti in delovne navade z možnostjo in
sposobnostjo korelacije in transfera na teoretično in praktično raven
problemov in sestavin okoljske vzgoje. Pri tem gre za poučevanje in
učenje v ožjem smislu, ki ga lahko opredelimo kot pridobivanje novih
znanj, vedenj, dejavnosti in spretnosti na področju okoljske vzgoje
in okoljskih problemov. Učenje v širšem smislu pa se kaže kot ohranjanje
dejavnosti v spominu in kot ponovni priklic znanja, vedenj in dejavnosti,
ki so v medsebojni povezanosti tehničnih, tehnoloških, varstvenih,
organizacijskih in okoljevarstvenih problemov in zakonitosti.
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ABSTRACT - When planning and selecting the concrete
subject matter of technical education, we must also take into account
the contents of environmental education. Selecting the different contents
consists of the processes of planning, analysing and/or evaluating
the achieved effects and results observed in the area of reaching
emotional, value, cognitive and actional goals. Within the framework
of the selected educational strategy (for example the project task)
the students must acquire and strengthen their theoretical and practical
knowledge, develop their abilities, skills and working habits, with
the possibility of correlating and transferring them to the theoretical
and practical level of problems and elements of environmental education.
This implies teaching and learning in the narrow sense, which can
be classified as acquiring new knowledge, tasks and skills necessary
for solving problems in the area of environmental education.
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RAZSTAVA KOT OBLIKA INOVATIVNEGA UČENJA
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EXHIBITION AS AN EXAMPLE OF AN INNOVATIVE LEARNING METHOD
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| Strokovni članek
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Professional paper
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| UDK 37.036
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UDC 37.036
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DESKRIPTORJI: razstava, aktivnost učencev, uspešnost učenja
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DESCRIPTORS: exhibition, student activity, learning
achievement
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| POVZETEK - V članku razpravljamo o razstavi kot metodi
učenja. Razstava omogoči boljše razumevanje snovi in aktivnost učencev.
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ABSTRACT - The article treats the exhibition as a method
of learning. The exhibition enables better understanding of subject
matter and greater activity on the part of the students.
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NEKATERI VIDIKI UPORABE SODOBNIH MEDIJEV PRI LIKOVNI VZGOJI
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THE QUALITY OF MEDIA IN ART EDUCATION
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| Referat na znanstvenem posvetovanju
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Conference paper
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| UDK 372.87
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UDC 372.87
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DESKRIPTORJI: vizualni medij, likovno delo, reprodukcija
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DESCRIPTORS: visual media, a work of art, reproduction
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| POVZETEK - S pojmom kvalitete medija pri likovni vzgoji
označuje avtor kvaliteto posrednika, torej informacijo o likovnih
delih in ne kvalitete umetniškega dela. Originalne umetnine so učencem
dostopne le redko, zato učitelji pri likovno-vzgojnem delu uporabljajo
reprodukcije umetniških del na različnih nosilcih vizualnih informacij.
Ugotavljamo, da je pri pedagoškem delu treba upoštevati, da mediji
brez aktivnega odnosa med subjekti vzgoje ne dajejo dobrih učnih rezultatov,
in da še tako dobra kopija ne more nadomestiti originalnega likovnega dela.
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ABSTRACT - The concept of quality regarding the media
used in art education is applied by the author to denote the quality
of the intermediary, i.e. the quality of the information about the
work of art, and not the quality of the work of art itself. Original
masterpieces are only rarely accessible to the pupils, therefore a
teacher of art has to rely on reproductions of works of art supplied
by the various carriers of visual information. It has been established
that in the teaching process no satisfactory results can be achieved
without an active relationship between the subjects of education and
that even the best possible reproductions cannot replace an original
work of art.
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SODOBNI POUK ZGODOVINE - PRIMER OBRAVNAVE TEME KMEČKI UPORI
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MODERN APPROACH TO TEACHING HISTORY - WITH THE PEASANTS'
UPRISINGS THEME AS AN EXAMPLE
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| Strokovni članek
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Professional paper
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| UDK 93:371.3
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UDC 93:371.3
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DESKRIPTORJI: zgodovina, vrednote, aktualizacija, kmečki
upori
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DESCRIPTORS: history, values, topicalization, peasants'
uprisings
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| POVZETEK - Sestavek govori o sodobnem pouku zgodovine.
Kako poiskati in realizirati vzgojne vrednote, kako izvajati komparacije,
korelacije in aktualizacije, kako narediti pouk zanimiv, kako ga posodobiti,
povezati z življenjem ter kako poskrbeti za bolj nadarjene učence,
predstavljamo na primeru obravnave teme Kmečki upori.
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ABSTRACT - The article talks about a modern approach
to teaching history: how to find and present educational values, how
to compare, correlate and bring the topics up to date, how to make
lessons interesting, how to modernise and connect them with life and
how to cater for the gifted students. All the above is explained on
hand of the theme of peasants' uprisings.
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POMEN KONSTRUKTIVNEGA REŠEVANJA ŠOLSKIH KONFLIKTOV
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THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSTRUCTIVE CONFLICT SOLVING IN SCHOOLS
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| Referat na znanstvenem posvetovanju
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Conference paper
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| UDK 316.6:37.012.371
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UDC 316.6:37.012.371
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DESKRIPTORJI: komunikacija, konflikt, medosebni odnosi,
reševanje konfliktov, metode reševanja konfliktov, socialna klima
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DESCRIPTORS: communication, conflict, interpersonal
relations, conflict solving, methods of conflict solving, social climate
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| POVZETEK - Konflikti so nekaj povsem običajnega v medosebnih
odnosih. Sami po sebi ne prinašajo negativnih posledic. Kakšne so
posledice konfliktov je odvisno od tega, kako na konflikte reagiramo
in jih rešujemo. V šoli je pomembno, da si prizadevamo za konstruktivno
reševanje konfliktov, saj le konstruktivno rešeni konflikti prinašajo
zadovoljivo rešitev za vse udeležence, konflikte trajno razrešijo
in tako zmanjšujejo psihično napetost. Vsem udeležencem omogočajo,
da zadovoljijo svoje potrebe, pri tem pa ne ovirajo drugih pri zadovoljevanju
potreb. Od tega, ali so potrebe posameznikov zadovoljene ali ne je
odvisna njihova motivacija za funkcioniranje v skupini in za uresničevanje
skupinskih ciljev.
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ABSTRACT - Conflicts are a common occurrence in interpersonal
relations. Conflicts as such do not bring about negative consequences.
The latter depend on our reaction to the conflicts and how we solve
them. In the school it is important that we strive to solve conflicts
constructively, because only in this way can all the conflict participants
be satisfied, permanent solutions be reached and psychical stress
be reduced. When solving conflicts in a constructive way, every conflict
participant can fulfill his individual needs while not obstructing
others in satisfying theirs. It is the fulfillment of individuals'
needs that the motivation for successful functioning in a group and
for reaching common goals depends on.
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RAZREDNA KLIMA UČENCEV OSNOVNE ŠOLE
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CLASSROOM CLIMATE IN PRIMARY SCHOOL
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| Strokovni članek
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Professional paper
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| UDK 37.06
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UDC 37.06
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DESKRIPTORJI: učenci osnovne šole, razredna klima, spreminjanje
razredne klime
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DESCRIPTORS: pupils of primary school, classroom climate,
improving classroom climate
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| POVZETEK - V članku poročamo o raziskavi razredne klime
pri učencih osnovne šole. Učenci težijo k zviševanju razredne klime
na področju zadovoljstva in povezanosti ter zniževanju na področju
napetosti, tekmovalnosti in težavnosti. Četrtošolci zaznavajo razredno
klimo bolj pozitivno kot sedmošolci, predvsem zaznavajo višje zadovoljstvo
in povezanost in nižjo težavnost šolskega dela. Razlikujejo se tudi
v željah, saj si sedmošolci želijo manj tekmovalnosti in težavnosti
šolskega dela kot četrtošolci. Dekleta zaznavajo nekoliko bolj pozitivno
razredno klimo. Postavljajo si tudi višje cilje na področju prijateljskega
vzdušja v razredu in nižje na področju napetosti, medsebojnega nasprotovanja.
Za ugodno razredno klimo je nujno sistematično delo z razredom.
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ABSTRACT - The article talks about the classroom climate
in primary school. Pupils influence the climate: they tend to increase
the level of satisfaction and cohesiveness and decrease friction,
competitiveness and difficulties. Classroom climate conditions are
perceived more affirmatively by the fourth-graders then the seventh-graders;
they namely experience more satisfaction and cohesiveness and less
difficulties in their school work. They also differ in their wants
and demands: the seventh-graders' wishes express the need for less
competitive and less difficult school work than is the case with fourth-graders.
It has been discovered that the girls perceive a slightly more positive
classroom climate than the boys. The research has also exposed the
idea that the girls usually aim high when it comes to establishing
a friendly climate within a class and aim a bit lower when it comes
to causing friction, i.e. of provoking reciprocal contradictions.
In order to achieve a good classroom climate we should work with the
class systematically.
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VRTEC PO MERI OTROKA
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CHILD-FRIENDLY KINDERGARTEN
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| Strokovni članek
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Professional paper
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| UDK 373.23/24
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UDC 373.23/24
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DESKRIPTORJI: predšolska vzgoja, vloga vzgojitelja, potrebe
otrok, naloge vrtca
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DESCRIPTORS: pre-school education, role of pre-school
teacher, children's needs, kindergarten's tasks
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POVZETEK - Otroci imajo pravico do prijaznega vrtca, saj
se najbolje razvijajo tam, kjer vladata zaupanje in varnost, torej
v zdravem in varnem okolju. Zdravo in varno okolje za otroka pomeni,
da mu ponujamo najrazličnejše možnosti za komunikacijo z vrstniki
in odraslimi, okolje, ki mu omogoča, da se moti, da poskuša, ne da
bi bil kaznovan; okolje, kjer besedi hitro in tiho skorajda nista
uporabljeni.
Uspešno uresničevanje nalog, načel in ciljev vzgoje v vrtcih, kot
so zapisani v Zakonu o vrtcih, je seveda v veliki meri odvisno od
pripravljenosti zaposlenih, da intenzivno uresničujejo tiste naloge
in cilje, ki spodbujajo dvigovanje in oblikovanje otrokove pozitivne
samopodobe in upoštevajo otroka.
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ABSTRACT - Children have a right to a child friendly
kindergarten, since in a place where there is trust and security,
i.e. in a healthy and safe environment, they can develop best. Such
an environment can offer the child various opportunities of communication
with his peers and with adults, it allows him/her to make mistakes
and try out new thing without being punished; it is a place where
words like 'quickly' and 'quiet' are almost never used. Successful
realization of the goals, principles and tasks of pre-school education
as stated in the Law of Pre-school Education depends to a great extent
on the willingness of the staff to realize these tasks and goals,
which all help to form the child's self-image and are focused on the
child.
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