|
FORMATIVNA EVALVACIJA PROJEKTA INTEGRACIJE OTROK Z MOTNJO SLUHA V OSNOVNI ŠOLI Z VIDIKA SOCIALNE INTEGRACIJE
| FORMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE PROJECT INVOLVING PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN WITH A HEARING IMPAIRMENT FROM THE ASPECT OF SOCIAL INTEGRATION
|
| Izvirni znanstveni članek
| Original scientific paper
|
| UDK 376.3.009.2:373.32
| UDC 376.3.009.2:373.32
|
DESKRIPTORJI: otroci z motnjo, otroci brez motenj, socialna
integracija, evalvacija
| DESCRIPTORS: children with disorders, children without
disorders, social integration, evaluation
|
| POVZETEK - V prispevku je predstavljena empirična
raziskava, ki sodi v sklop formativnih evalvacijskih raziskav proučevanja
učinkov projekta integracije otrok z motnjo sluha v osnovno šolo.
Njen osnovni namen je proučevanje poteka socialne integracije. V raziskovalni
vzorec so zajeti vsi slišeči učenci 3. razreda osnovne šole, v katerem
so trije neslišeči učenci. Anketni vprašalnik, ki smo ga uporabili,
je sestavljen iz vprašanj zaprtega in odprtega tipa. Podatki, ki so
pridobljeni z vprašanji zaprtega tipa, so obdelani kvantitativno na
deskriptivnem nivoju. Kvalitativno pa so obdelani odgovori na odprta
vprašanja. Proces socialne integracije treh otrok z motnjo sluha poteka
glede na spol slišečih in neslišečih različno. Tako se na eni strani
kaže, da slišeči dečki bolje sprejemajo neslišeče učence kot deklice,
ter na drugi, da imata oba neslišeča dečka ugodnejši položaj v razredu
kot deklica, in sicer z njima slišeči (predvsem dečki) sklepajo prijateljstva,
se igrajo v odmorih ter radi sedijo skupaj pri pouku.
| ABSTRACT - The article introduces the empirical
research which is part of a formative evaluation measuring the effects
of the project called Integration of Hearing Impaired Children into
Primary School. Its basic aim is to analyse the process of social
integration. Our research sample includes all hearing pupils of a
third grade, in which there are also three non-hearing pupils. The
questionnaire consists of close and open type questions. The data
acquired by close type questions were analysed quantitatively at a
descriptive level; answers to open type questions were analysed qualitatively.
The process of social integration of three hearing impaired children
takes place differently with regard to the gender aspect of hearing
and non-hearing pupils. On the one hand, non-hearing pupils are better
received by hearing boys than by girls, while, on the other hand,
both non-hearing boys have a more favourable social status in the
class than the girl. Hearing pupils (mostly boys) establish friendships
with non-hearing pupils, they play with them during school breaks
and they like to sit together through lessons.
|
|
DRUŽINA IN NEKATERI VIDIKI DOŽIVLJANJA SMRTI
| FAMILY AND THE EXPERIENCE OF DEATH
|
| Izvirni znanstveni članek
| Original scientific paper
|
| UDK 173:393.7
| UDC 173:393.7
|
DESKRIPTORJI: smrt, umiranje, družina, življenje, starši, otrok, dokončnost
| DESCRIPTORS: death, dying, family, life, parents, child, finality
|
| POVZETEK - Avtorica v prispevku obravnava doživljanje
smrti v družini in ugotavlja, da je strah pred smrtjo za človeka primaren
in univerzalen. Človek je v različnih kulturah izoblikoval načine,
s katerimi blaži občutenje tesnobe in osmišlja svoje življenje. V
sodobnih intenzivnih procesih razvijajočih se (sicer različnih) družb
opažamo dereligionizacijo in zamiranje tradicij ob doživljanju smrti,
ki še nikoli prej ni bila tako odtujena od ljudi. Zanje so pogovori
o smrti neprijetni, zato se jim, tudi v komunikaciji s svojimi otroki
in drugimi člani družine, izogibajo. Tudi otrok čuti ob soočanju s
smrtjo nelagodje, jezo, žalost in strah, saj se mu zdi smrt nejasna
in jo težko sprejme kot nekaj dokončnega in normalnega. Potrjuje se
bojazen, da se (tudi) otrok ne more več nasloniti ne na religijo ne
na tradicijo, ker ljudje v intenzivnih procesih sodobnega življenja
doživljamo in nosimo breme smrti vedno bolj le v krogu družine.Tako
družinski člani razosebljen odnos do smrti doživljajo kot posledico
intenzivnega družbenega razvoja: naraščajočega potrošništva, karierizma,
individualizacije, kompetativnosti, krize (različnih tipov) družine,
tradicionalnih vrednot in še nekaterih drugih družbenih dejavnikov.
| ABSTRACT - The author discusses the experience of
death within the child's/pupil's family and claims that for a human
being fear of death is primary and universal. In different cultures
and societies man has developed methods and ways by which he has learned
to soothe the feelings of anxiety and make sense of his life. In contemporary,
intensely developing societies, however, one cannot fail to observe
secularisation and disappearance of traditions accompanying the experience
of death, which has never before been so alienated from people. Talking
about death is something unpleasant, therefore the topic is avoided
in communication with children and between adults within the family.
The child feels discomfort, anger, sadness and fear because experiencing
death seems to him unclear and indistinct so that s/he has difficulty
accepting it as something final and normal. The fact that the child
cannot find solace in religion or tradition has also become part of
the intensive process of contemporary life. Children thus carry the
burden of death and their experience of it solely within their families.
The impersonal attitude towards death can be considered a consequence
of intensive social development including the following elements:
rising consumption, careerism, individualisation, rivalry, competitiveness,
different family crises, traditional values and other.
|
|
VPOGLED V PREVENTIVNO DISCIPLINO V OSNOVNI ŠOLI
| DISCIPLINE AS A PREVENTION TOOL IN PRIMARY SCHOOL
|
| Izvirni znanstveni članek
| Original scientific paper
|
| UDK 371.5
| UDC 371.5
|
DESKRIPTORJI: disciplinski problemi, kršitve, osnovna šola, pravilnik, preventivna disciplina, razredni management
| DESCRIPTORS: discipline problems, breaches of discipline,
primary school, school regulations, preventive discipline, classroom management
|
POVZETEK - Sodobne raziskave kažejo, da učinkovit
pristop k obvladovanju disciplinskih problemov ne vsebuje le premišljenih
reakcij, ko se problemi pojavijo, ampak deluje tudi v smeri preprečevanja
disciplinskih problemov. Preventivna disciplina se tako kaže kot neizogiben
segment pri obvladovanju disciplinskih problemov.
V teoretičnem delu prispevka podajamo vidike učinkovitega pristopa
k obvladovanju disciplinskih problemov, ki nujno vsebujejo tudi strategije
preventivne discipline. V empiričnem delu prispevka prikazujemo rezultate
empirične raziskave o tem, kako se v šolski praksi uresničuje tisti
del preventivne discipline, ki se nanaša na sodelovanje učencev pri
obravnavanju kršitev šolskih pravil, načinih ukrepanja in preventivnem delovanju.
| ABSTRACT - Modern research points to the fact
that an effective approach to solving discipline problems does not
only include weighed reactions as the problems arise but also preventive
measures. Preventive discipline can thus be considered as a necessary
segment of solving disciplinary problems.
The theoretical part presents aspects of an effective approach using
preventive discipline strategies. Results of the empirical study show
how preventive discipline has become part of school practice where
pupils participate in the discussions about violations of school rules,
measures to be taken and possible preventive action.
|
|
VPLIV STEREOTIPOV NA MLADOSTNIKOVO VREDNOTENJE PROSTORA
| IMPACT OF STEREOTYPES ON SPATIAL IDENTIFICATION BY YOUTH
|
| Izvirni znanstveni članek
| Original scientific paper
|
| UDK 165.4
| UDC 165.4
|
DESKRIPTORJI: avtostereotipi, nacionalni stereotipi, sosednji
narodi, srednješolci, študenti, javno mnenje, geografsko izobraževanje
| DESCRIPTORS: auto-stereotype, national stereotype,
neighbouring nations, secondary-school pupils, students, public opinion,
geographical education
|
| POVZETEK - V mnenjski raziskavi o prostorski identifikaciji
mladih, ki je bila opravljena pred štirimi leti na izbranem vzorcu
slovenskih tretješolcev v gimnazijskem programu, smo z anketiranjem
pridobili tudi del podatkov, ki so predstavljeni v tem članku. Podatke
smo želeli primerjati z mnenji študentske populacije. Leta 2001 smo
na Pedagoški fakulteti v Mariboru izvedli anketiranje naključno izbranih
študentov in jim zastavili enaka vprašanja kot srednješolcem. V članku
so poleg primerjalne analize mnenj predstavljene tudi nekatere osnovne
značilnosti narodnostnih stereotipov.
| ABSTRACT - The article presents data acquired in
the research about spatial identification by youth that was performed
on a chosen sample of Slovenian third-year secondary-school pupils
of a gymnasium programme four years ago. We wanted to compare their
answers with the opinions of the student population. In the year 2000,
we thus ran a survey at the Faculty of Education, University of Maribor,
where we asked randomly chosen students exactly the same questions
that had been administered to the secondary-school pupils two years
earlier. Beside the comparative analysis of opinions, the article
also presents the basic characteristics of national stereotypes.
|
|
DIDAKTIČNI KOMPLETI ZA POUK GLASBE V PRVEM RAZREDU DEVETLETNE OSNOVNE ŠOLE V OČEH UČITELJIC IN ŠTUDENTK
| TEACHING MATERIALS FOR MUSIC EDUCATION IN THE FIRST GRADE OF THE NINE-YEAR PRIMARY SCHOOL FROM THE VIEWPOINTS OF TEACHERS AND STUDENTS
|
| Izvirni znanstveni članek
| Original scientific paper
|
| UDK 372.878:373.32
| UDC 372.878:373.32
|
DESKRIPTORJI: didaktični kompleti za pouk glasbe v prvem
razredu osnovne šole, merila za izbiro glasbenih materialov in gradiv
učiteljic in študentk, mnenja učiteljic o didaktičnih pripomočkih
za pouk glasbe, odnos učencev do glasbenih dejavnosti in vsebin
| DESCRIPTORS: teaching materials for music education
in the first grade of the nine-year primary school, teachers' and
students' criteria for selecting music materials, teachers' opinions
about materials for music education, attitudes of pupils towards music activities and contents
|
| POVZETEK - Prenova programov in uvajanje devetletnega
osnovnega izobraževanja sta spodbudila avtorje k pisanju učbenikov,
oblikovanju delovnih zvezkov in zvočnih posnetkov. Trenutno so na
tržišču na voljo kar štirje didaktični kompleti za glasbeno vzgojo
v prvem razredu devetletne osnovne šole. Med njimi obstajajo določene
podobnosti, pa tudi razlike. Ob široki ponudbi glasbenih materialov
se postavljajo vprašanja, katera merila uporabljajo ob izbiri učiteljice
s prakso in katera študentke Pedagoške fakultete, za kateri komplet
bi se odločile in zakaj prav zanj ter kako so z njim zadovoljne. Ob
tem je zelo pomembno vedeti, kako sprejemajo glasbene dejavnosti in
vsebine učenci. Na zastavljena vprašanja bomo odgovorili s pomočjo
rezultatov izvedene empirične raziskave.
| ABSTRACT - The contents and teaching methods of
the renovated primary school programmes represent a challenge when
creating new music textbooks, exercise books and recordings. At the
moment, there are four teaching components of music education in the
first class of primary school available in Slovenia. There are some
similarities among them as well as some differences. Among the wide
offer of music materials one should ask which criteria experienced
teachers use and which criteria the Faculty of Education students
use when they select music materials, e.g. which music component they
will select, why that particular one, and how they are satisfied with
it. It is also very important to know how pupils respond to music
activities and contents. The answers are presented in the empirical
part of the research.
|
|
VPETOSTI DIDAKTIKE MED TEORIJO IN PRAKSO
| TEACHING METHODOLOGY BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICE
|
| Pregledni znanstveni članek
| Review
|
| UDK 37.02
| UDC 37.02
|
DESKRIPTORJI: splošna in posebna didaktika, teorija, praksa,
didaktični modeli in koncepti, didaktične raziskave
| DESCRIPTORS: general and specific teaching methodology,
theory, practice, teaching models and concepts, research into teaching
methods
|
| POVZETEK - Pobude za nadaljnji razvoj šolskega poučevanja
in učenja zahtevajo presojo z ustrezne razdalje in na osnovi ustreznih
parametrov splošne didaktike. Avtor ugotavlja, da v zadnjem desetletju
ni zaznati novih usmeritev v splošni didaktiki, pojavljajo pa se nekatere
razprave o nekaterih didaktičnih modelih in konceptih, ki se v neposredni
pedagoški praksi niso uveljavili, ker so praviloma formulirani zelo
abstraktno, njihovo izhodišče pa je zelo oddaljeno od konkretnih problemov
v učnem procesu. Relacijo med teorijo in prakso nedvomno določa razmerje
med stopnjo razvoja didaktične teorije in didaktičnimi raziskavami,
ki z rezultati povečujejo učiteljevo kompetenco.
| ABSTRACT - Incentives for further development
of teaching and learning in a school context require sound judgement
made from a proper distance and based on the right parameters of general
teaching methodology. In the last ten years the author has not noticed
any new developments within the general teaching methodology, however,
there have been some discussions about specific teaching models and
concepts that had not been implemented and had not won much recognition
because they were formulated very abstractly, and were with their
starting point far removed from concrete issues of the teaching process.
The relation between theory and practice is undoubtedly defined by
the relationship between the stage of development of teaching theory
and the research done in the field, the results of which can increase
teacher's competence.
|
|
ŠVEDSKI MODEL RAZVOJA TEHNIČNEGA IZOBRAŽEVANJA V OSNOVNI ŠOLI
| THE SWEDISH MODEL OF THE PRIMARY SCHOOL TECHNICAL EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT
|
| Pregledni znanstveni članek
| Review
|
| UDK 372.862(485)
| UDC 372.862(485)
|
DESKRIPTORJI: šola, vzgoja in izobraževanje, Švedska, tehnika in tehnologija, ročne spretnosti
| DESCRIPTORS: school and education, Sweden, technical education and technology, manual skills
|
| POVZETEK - Danes je izobraževanje za ustvarjalno življenje
ključnega pomena v vsaki državi. Pri takšnem izobraževanju še posebej
izstopa Švedska, saj ponuja prilagodljive programe, ki se lahko vsebinsko
in časovno dopolnjujejo tako na lokalni kot na regijski ravni. Pri
tem je zelo zanimiv vpogled v izobraževanje "ročnih spretnosti", ki
imajo za Švede še poseben nacionalni pomen. Mladega človeka je namreč
treba izobraziti in seznaniti z materiali, orodji, skratka z vsem,
kar ga obdaja. Vse to pa opravljajo izključno skozi delovni proces.
| ABSTRACT - Nowadays, education is of key importance
for creative life in every country. This is especially true of Sweden,
where they offer adaptable programmes which can be complemented in
content and time, at the local as well as at the regional level. Within
these programmes, "manual skills" are almost of national importance.
The young person needs to be educated and trained in the use of materials,
tools and everything that surrounds him/her. This is achieved exclusively
through the work process.
|
|
PREUČEVANJE IN RAZISKOVANJE UPORABE RAČUNALNIKA PRI TEHNIČNI VZGOJI
| USE OF COMPUTERS IN TECHNICAL EDUCATION
|
| Pregledni znanstveni članek
| Review
|
| UDK 372.862:004
| UDC 372.862:004
|
DESKRIPTORJI: učni pripomočki, računalniški programi,
strategije učnega dela, spretnosti, interesne tehnične dejavnosti
| DESCRIPTORS: teaching aids, computer programs, learning
strategies, skills, interest activities in the field of technical education
|
| POVZETEK - Prispevek obravnava uporabo raču-nalnika
pri pouku in interesnih tehničnih dejavnostih. Podatki in izsledki
so iz vzorca učiteljev tehnične vzgoje R Slovenije. S pomočjo neeksperimentalne
kavzalne metode in akcijskega raziskovanja smo preverjali hipoteze
o vlogi in pomenu računalnika kot učnega pripomočka. Ugotavljamo,
da je računalnik pomemben pripomoček za motivacijo, pridobivanje znanja,
spretnosti, navad in predstav. Računalniška tehnologija in računalniški
programi omogočajo lažje pridobivanje pojmov, nazornejše prikazovanje
potekov in procesov. Ugotovili smo tudi, da v šolah delujejo številni
tehniški krožki, kjer učitelji - mentorji in učenci uporabljajo
računalniško tehnologijo in računalniške programe.
| ABSTRACT - The article discusses the application
of computers in interest activities in the field of technical
education. The data were collected from Slovene teachers for technical
education. We applied the non-experimental causal method and action
research to prove the hypothesis about the role of computers as a
teaching aid. The computer is an important teaching aid for enhancing
motivation and for the acquisition of knowledge, skills, habits
and ideas. Computer technology and software facilitate the acquisition
of concepts and can illustrate processes more efficiently. Schools
have numerous technical clubs where teachers - mentors and their
students make use of computer hardware and software.
|
|
METODA DOŽIVLJAJSKE PREDSTAVITVE ŽIVALI - SPOZNAVNI IN ČUSTVENI VPLIVI NA OTROKE RAZLIČNIH STAROSTI
| THE EXPERIENTIAL METHOD OF LEARNING ABOUT ANIMALS - COGNITIVE AND EMOTIONAL IMPACT ON CHILDREN OF DIFFERENT AGES
|
| Pregledni znanstveni članek
| Review
|
| UDK 372.857
| UDC 372.857
|
DESKRIPTORJI: doživljanje, izkušenjsko učenje, živali,
biološka didaktika, biološke metode, razvojna psihologija
| DESCRIPTORS: experiencing, experiential learning, animals,
biological teaching methods, developmental psychology
|
| POVZETEK - Doživljajska predstavitev živali je specialna
metoda izkušenjskega učenja. V članku učno metodo podrobneje predstavljamo
in ugotavljamo, kakšne spoznavne in čustvene vplive ima na različno
stare otroke. Pred in po doživljajski predstavitvi živali smo anketirali
učence drugega in sedmega razreda osnovne šole. Ugotovili smo, da
je učna metoda doživljajske predstavitve živali najprimernejša za
predšolsko obdobje in nižjo stopnjo osnovne šole, ko so otroci še
vedoželjni in celostno zaznavajo okolico. Vsi otroci, ne glede na
starost, imajo najraje tople živali z dlako. Mlajši otroci tudi lažje
premagajo predsodke do živali, kar povečuje kvaliteto otrokovega življenja.
| ABSTRACT - Experiential animal presentation is a
special method of experiential learning. The article offers a detailed
presentation of this method and discusses its cognitive and emotional
impacts on children of different ages. The second- and seventh-graders
were interviewed before and after the application of this method.
It was established that the method is most appropriate for the pre-school
and lower primary level where the children still possess an inquisitive
mind and perceive the environment as a whole. Regardless of age, all
children prefer warm-blooded animals with fur. Younger children can
also easily overcome the prejudices about animals, which further increases
the quality of child's experience.
|
|
ALTERNATIVNI KONCEPTI IN PREDŠOLSKA VZGOJA
| ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTS AND PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION
|
| Pregledni znanstveni članek
| Review
|
| UDK 373.23/.24
| UDC 373.23/.24
|
DESKRIPTORJI: predšolska vzgoja, demokratizacija, pedagogika, vrtci
| DESCRIPTORS: kindergarten, teaching concept, alternative approach
|
| POVZETEK - Vsak vrtec si v svojem konceptu prizadeva,
da zagotavlja otrokom več individualnosti, spoštovanja drugačnosti,
zasebnosti in intimnosti. Demokratizacija vsakdanjega življenja se
uveljavlja preko različnih teorij in vzgojnih pristopov. Osredotočili
smo se na tiste koncepte, elemente tistih alternativnih vzgojno-izobraževalnih
pristopov, ki se pojavljajo v naših vrtcih. To so waldorfski vrtci,
ustanove pedagogike M. Montessori, pedagogike Reggio, programa Soros
- Korak za korakom in novi kurikulum.
| ABSTRACT - Every kindergarten endeavours to ensure
its children proper development of individuality, respect for others,
and intimacy. In order to apply concrete measures for democratic everyday
life, they make use of various theories and educational approaches.
We focused on the concepts and elements of alternative educational
approaches present in our kindergartens. These are: the Waldorf kindergarten,
Maria Montessori teaching methods, Reggio teaching, the Step by Step
Soros programme, and the new curriculum.
|
|
UČBENIŠKI KOMPLETI V PRVEM RAZREDU DEVETLETNE OSNOVNE ŠOLE
| TEACHING MATERIALS FOR THE FIRST GRADE OF THE NINE-YEAR PRIMARY SCHOOL
|
| Pregledni znanstveni članek
| Review
|
| UDK 373.32 (075.2)
| UDC 373.32 (075.2)
|
DESKRIPTORJI: učbenik, delovni zvezek, priročnik, učna
sredstva, učbeniški komplet, prvi razred devetletke
| DESCRIPTORS: student book, work book, manual, teaching
aids, teaching materials, first grade of the nine-year primary school
|
| POVZETEK - V prispevku opredelimo učbeniški komplet,
pojasnimo vlogo učbeniškega kompleta v šoli, opozarjamo na pomen ustrezne
oblikovanosti učbeniških gradiv in prikazujemo vlogo učbenikov v 21.stoletju.
Empirično smo ovrednotili učbeniške komplete za prvi razred devetletne
osnovne šole, ki jih je potrdil Strokovni svet Republike Slovenije
za splošno izobraževanje.
| ABSTRACT - The article defines teaching materials,
explains their role in school, the importance of appropriate design,
and what role they play in the 21. century. The article presents an
empirical evaluation of the teaching materials for the first grade
of the nine-year primary school, approved by the Slovene Professional
Council for General Education.
|
|
PREDSTAVE OTROK ČETRTEGA RAZREDA O OLJKI
| FOURTH-GRADERS' CONCEPTIONS OF AN OLIVE TREE
|
| Strokovni članek
| Professional paper
|
| UDK 372.857:373.32
| UDC 372.857:373.32
|
DESKRIPTORJI: oljka, proizvodi iz plodov, gospodarski pomen
| DESCRIPTORS: olive tree, products from fruits, economic importance
|
| POVZETEK - V članku so opisane otroške predstave o
oljki, kje raste, kakšne liste ima, ali liste jeseni odvrže, kakšne
ima plodove in kako lahko uporabljamo plodove in vejice. V raziskavo
sta bili vključeni dve skupini učencev četrtega razreda osemletke.
Eno skupino so predstavljali učenci iz osrednje Slovenije, kjer ne
raste oljka, v drugi pa so bili učenci iz slovenske Istre, kjer raste
oljka kot ena od značilnih sredozemskih rastlin. Rezultati so pokazali
zanimive otroške predstave in tudi razlike med otroki, ki živijo v
različnih okoljih. Rezultati so nam lahko v pomoč pri organiziranju
naravoslovnega dne v slovenskem Primorju.
| ABSTRACT - The article describes children's conceptions
of the olive tree, where it grows, what kind of leaves it has, whether
it sheds them in autumn, what its fruits are, and how the fruits and
the branches can be used. The research included two groups of fourth-graders.
In one group there were students from central Slovenia, where olive
trees do not grow, while the other group included children from Slovene
Istria, where the olive tree is one of the characteristic Mediterranean
plants. The results show interesting conceptions as well as differences
among the children of different environments. The information can
well be used when organising a natural science outing to the
Slovene Littoral area.
|
|
INOVATIVNE METODE UČENJA NA PRIMERU SPOZNAVANJA LJUBLJANE
| INNOVATIVE TEACHING METHODS - CASE STUDY OF LJUBLJANA
|
| Strokovni članek
| Professional paper
|
| UDK 371.32
| UDC 371.32
|
DESKRIPTORJI: raziskovalno učenje, izkustveno učenje,
projektno delo, nove poti do znanja
| DESCRIPTORS: research learning, experiential learning,
project work, new ways to knowledge
|
| POVZETEK - Sestavek prikazuje nove metode učenja na
primeru študije Ljubljane. Namen uporabe novih metod učenja je uvajanje
učencev v samostojno učenje ob množici informacij, ki jih predelajo
v zaključke.
| ABSTRACT - The article treats new methods of learning
based on a case study of the city of Ljubljana. Through using these
new methods students can acquire a lot of information and produce
their own reports.
|
|
PRIMER DIDAKTIČNE UČNE ENOTE "STRPNOST KOT VREDNOTA"
| AN EXAMPLE OF THE TEACHING UNIT "TOLERANCE AS A VALUE"
|
| Strokovni članek
| Professional paper
|
| UDK 372.83
| UDC 372.83
|
DESKRIPTORJI: strpnost, državotvornost, demokracija, odgovornost,
svoboda, vrednota
| DESCRIPTORS: tolerance, state, democracy, responsibility,
freedom, value
|
| POVZETEK - V prispevku avtorica ppredstavlja didaktični
vzorec možne obravnave "strpnih" učnih vsebin na osnovnošolski stopnji.
Pri didaktizaciji svojega vzorca izhaja iz zahteve, da mora učitelj
svojo odprto profesionalnost stalno dograjevati ter kakovostno izboljševati
tako strokovno kot didaktično.
| ABSTRACT - The article presents a possible treatment
of "tolerant" teaching contents at the primary level. The teacher
must constantly upgrade his/her open professionalism and strive to
improve the quality of his/her teaching.
|
|
IZOBRAŽEVANJE UČITELJEV
| TEACHER EDUCATION
|
| Strokovni članek
| Professional paper
|
| UDK 371.13/16
| UDC 371.13/16
|
DESKRIPTORJI: seminar, učenje ob delu, mentor
| DESCRIPTORS: seminar, in-service training, mentor
|
| POVZETEK - Od učiteljev se dandanes veliko priča-kuje.
Mnogi kritizirajo šole, da ne nudijo znanja, ki bi učencem kasneje
koristilo. Učitelji bi naj bili krivi tudi za nekulturno vedenje dijakov,
naj ne bi znali motivirati dijakov za delo in še kaj. Vsekakor pa
so možnosti za uspeh bistveno večje, če smo dobro pripravljeni. Pri
tem so nam v pomoč različni seminarji, na katerih nas vzpodbudijo
tudi k drugačnemu na-činu razmišljanja, analiziranja, debatiranja.
V pri-spevku predstavljam modernejše načine dela na seminarjih, ki
sem se jih sama udeležila.
| ABSTRACT - Nowadays a lot is expected of teachers
and schools are being criticised for not providing the knowledge students
will need later on. The teachers are also considered to be responsible
for students' inappropriate behaviour and incapable of motivating
them for work. If, on the other hand, teachers are really well-prepared,
the possibilities of success are higher. Various seminars can encourage
us to start thinking differently, to analyse and discuss about things.
The article presents modern teaching approaches that one meets at
these seminars.
|
|
TEK KOT OBLIKA GIBANJA PREDŠOLSKIH OTROK
| RUNNING AS A FORM OF MOVEMENT OF PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN
|
| Strokovni članek
| Professional paper
|
| UDK 372.3
| UDC 372.3
|
DESKRIPTORJI: predšolska vzgoja, vrtec, telesna aktivnost, hoja, tek
| DESCRIPTORS: pre-school education, kindergarten, physical activity, walking, running
|
| POVZETEK - Gibanje je za človeka zelo pomembno, zlasti
za otroke v predšolskem obdobju. Med gibalnimi potrebami prednjačita
hoja in tek. Avtorica poroča o rezultatih merjenja srčnega utripa
po teku in ugotavlja razlike med dečki in deklicami.
| ABSTRACT - For a human being movement is extremely
important, even more so for the children in the pre-school period.
The predominant needs for movement are walking and running. The author
presents the results of measuring heart beat following the activity
of running and establishes differences between boys and girls.
|